Is Caf2 Soluble In Water
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.262 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| Chemical formula | Ca F 2 | ||
| Molar mass | 78.075 yard·mol−one | ||
| Appearance | White crystalline solid (single crystals are transparent) | ||
| Density | iii.18 m/cm3 | ||
| Melting indicate | one,418 °C (2,584 °F; one,691 Chiliad) | ||
| Humid point | ii,533 °C (four,591 °F; 2,806 One thousand) | ||
| Solubility in water | 0.015 g/L (18 °C) 0.016 g/L (xx °C) | ||
| Solubility production (K sp) | 3.9 × 10−11 [1] | ||
| Solubility | insoluble in acetone slightly soluble in acrid | ||
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -28.0·10−6 cm3/mol | ||
| Refractive alphabetize (n D) | 1.4338 | ||
| Structure | |||
| Crystal construction | cubic crystal organisation, cF12 [2] | ||
| Space group | Fm3m, #225 | ||
| Lattice abiding | a = 5.451 Å, b = five.451 Å, c = 5.451 Å α = xc°, β = xc°, γ = xc° | ||
| Coordination geometry | Ca, 8, cubic F, 4, tetrahedral | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and wellness (OHS/OSH): | |||
| Principal hazards | Reacts with full-bodied sulfuric acid to produce hydrofluoric acid | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 0 0 0 | ||
| Wink point | Non-combustible | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
| LDLo (everyman published) | >5000 mg/kg (oral, guinea pig) 4250 mg/kg (oral, rat)[3] | ||
| Safety information sheet (SDS) | ICSC 1323 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
| Other anions | Calcium chloride Calcium bromide Calcium iodide | ||
| Other cations | Beryllium fluoride Magnesium fluoride Strontium fluoride Barium fluoride | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, information are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references | |||
Calcium fluoride is the inorganic compound of the elements calcium and fluorine with the formula CaF2. It is a white insoluble solid. It occurs as the mineral fluorite (too called fluorspar), which is often deeply coloured owing to impurities.
Chemic structure [edit]
The chemical compound crystallizes in a cubic motif called the fluorite structure.
Unit of measurement cell of CaF2, known as fluorite structure, from two equivalent perspectives. The 2nd origin is often used when visualising bespeak defects entered on the cation.[4]
Catwo+ centres are viii-coordinate, being centered in a cube of eight F− centres. Each F− centre is coordinated to iv Ca2+ centres in the shape of a tetrahedron.[five] Although perfectly packed crystalline samples are colorless, the mineral is often deeply colored due to the presence of F-centers. The aforementioned crystal structure is found in numerous ionic compounds with formula ABii, such equally CeOtwo, cubic ZrOtwo, UO2, ThOtwo, and PuOtwo. In the corresponding anti-structure, called the antifluorite construction, anions and cations are swapped, such as BeiiC.
Gas phase [edit]
The gas phase is noteworthy for declining the predictions of VSEPR theory; the CaF2 molecule is non linear like MgF2 , but bent with a bond angle of approximately 145°; the strontium and barium dihalides also have a bent geometry.[half-dozen] It has been proposed that this is due to the fluoride ligands interacting with the electron core[7] [8] or the d-subshell[9] of the calcium atom.
Preparation [edit]
The mineral fluorite is arable, widespread, and mainly of involvement every bit a precursor to HF. Thus, little motivation exists for the industrial product of CaF2. High purity CaFii is produced by treating calcium carbonate with hydrofluoric acid:[x]
- CaCOthree + 2 HF → CaF2 + CO2 + H2O
Applications [edit]
Naturally occurring CaF2 is the master source of hydrogen fluoride,[ clarification needed ] a commodity chemic used to produce a wide range of materials. Calcium fluoride in the fluorite country is of significant commercial importance as a fluoride source.[11] Hydrogen fluoride is liberated from the mineral by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid:[12]
- CaF2 + H2SO4 → CaSOiv(solid) + 2 HF
Others [edit]
Calcium fluoride is used to industry optical components such every bit windows and lenses, used in thermal imaging systems, spectroscopy, telescopes, and excimer lasers (used for photolithography in the form of a fused lense). It is transparent over a broad range from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) frequencies. Its low refractive index reduces the need for anti-reflection coatings. Its insolubility in water is convenient as well.[ citation needed ] It as well allows much smaller wavelengths to pass through.[ citation needed ]
Doped calcium fluoride, like natural fluorite, exhibits thermoluminescence and is used in thermoluminescent dosimeters. It forms when fluorine combines with calcium.[ citation needed ]
Safety [edit]
CaF2 is classified equally "not dangerous", although reacting it with sulfuric acid produces very toxic hydrofluoric acrid. With regards to inhalation, the NIOSH-recommended concentration of fluorine-containing dusts is 2.five mg/g3 in air.[x]
See also [edit]
- List of laser types
- Photolithography
- Skeletal fluorosis
References [edit]
- ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
- ^ 10-ray Diffraction Investigations of CaF2 at High Pressure, Fifty. Gerward, J. Southward. Olsen, Southward. Steenstrup, M. Malinowski, Due south. Åsbrink and A. Waskowska, Journal of Applied Crystallography (1992), 25, 578-581 doi:10.1107/S0021889892004096
- ^ "Fluorides (every bit F)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Wellness Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safe and Wellness (NIOSH).
- ^ Burr, P. A.; Cooper, K. Westward. D. (2017-09-15). "Importance of elastic finite-size furnishings: Neutral defects in ionic compounds". Physical Review B. 96 (ix): 094107. arXiv:1709.02037. Bibcode:2017PhRvB..96i4107B. doi:ten.1103/PhysRevB.96.094107. S2CID 119056949.
- ^ G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr "Inorganic Chemistry" 3rd Ed, Pearson/Prentice Hall publisher, ISBN 0-13-035471-six.
- ^ Greenwood, Norman North.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN978-0-08-037941-viii.
- ^ Gillespie, R. J.; Robinson, Eastward. A. (2005). "Models of molecular geometry". Chem. Soc. Rev. 34 (5): 396–407. doi:x.1039/b405359c. PMID 15852152.
- ^ Bytheway, I.; Gillespie, R. J.; Tang, T. H.; Bader, R.F (1995). "Core Distortions and Geometries of the Difluorides and Dihydrides of Ca, Sr, and Ba". Inorg. Chem. 34 (ix): 2407–2414. doi:10.1021/ic00113a023.
- ^ Seijo, Luis; Barandiarán, Zoila; Huzinaga, Sigeru (1991). "Ab initio model potential study of the equilibrium geometry of element of group i globe dihalides: MXtwo (One thousand=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; X=F, Cl, Br, I)" (PDF). J. Chem. Phys. 94 (v): 3762. Bibcode:1991JChPh..94.3762S. doi:10.1063/ane.459748. hdl:10486/7315.
- ^ a b Aigueperse, Jean; Mollard, Paul; Devilliers, Didier; Chemla, Marius; Faron, Robert; Romano, René; Cuer, Jean Pierre (2000). "Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical science. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_307.
- ^ Aigueperse, Jean; Mollard, Paul; Devilliers, Didier; Chemla, Marius; Faron, Robert; Romano, Renée; Cuer, Jean Pierre (2005), "Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, p. 307, doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_307.
- ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, East. "Inorganic Chemical science" Academic Printing: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
External links [edit]
- NIST webbook thermochemistry data
- Charles Townes on the history of lasers
- National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
- Crystran Material Data
- MSDS (University of Oxford)
Is Caf2 Soluble In Water,
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_fluoride
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